Pioneers in Management - 4526 Words

PIONEERS IN MANAGEMENT: 1. Frederick W. Taylor -Father of Scientific Management 2. Elton Mayo - Father of Human Relations 3. Steven Covey - Principle-Centered Leadership 4. Henri Fayol - Father of the 14 Principle of Mgt. 5. Peter Drucker - Father of Management and formulated the Concept of Mgt. by Objectives (MBO) 6. Fritz J. Roethlisberger - Father of Human Behavior and formulated the â€Å"X† Chart 7. Max Weber - Father of Bureaucratic 8. Mary Parker Follet - Formulated the Principle of†¦show more content†¦However, the factory system brought new problems for owners, managers, and society. Four management pioneers proposed solutions for coping with the pressures of the new large-scale industrial organizations. They were Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, Andrew Ure, and Charles Dupin. ROBERT OWENS. Robert Owens (1771–1858) was a successful Scottish entrepreneur and a utopian socialist who sowed the first seeds of concern for the workers. He was repulsed by the working conditions and poor treatment of the workers in the factories across Scotland. Owen became a reformer. He reduced the use of child labor and used moral persuasion rather than corporal punishment in his factories. He chided his fellow factory owners for treating their equipment better than they treated their workers. Owen deplored the evils of the division of labor and in his ideal system believed each man would do a number of different jobs switching easily from one job to another. Additionally, Owen hated the modern factory system, so he decided to revolutionize it. In 1813 he proposed a factory bill to prohibit employment of children under the age of ten and to limit hours for all children to 10 1 /2 hours per day with no night work. The bill became law six years later, but was limited to cotton mills, reduced the age limit to nine, and included no provision for inspections; therefore, the law had little impact. Feeling frustrated in his attempts to reform Britain, Owen traveled to AmericaShow MoreRelatedTaylor : The Pioneers Of Scientific Management Theory918 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor was one of the pioneers of scientific management theory. He spent most of his life evolving scientific management theory in order to try and achieve greater efficiency in the workplace. Taylor’s theory involved taking a precise approach to measuring every day work, proper organisation of the work force, workers would focus on one specific task and items would have to be produced to a constant quality. G.A. Cole (2011) Taylor argued that the average worker preferred to be given a definite taskRead More20th and 21st Century Classroom Management Pioneers Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesapathy, resignation, and unwillingness to participate in class activities. We must stop teaching to meet testing requirements because the schoolwork is boring and fragmented. We must develop strategies that improve teac hing, learning, and behavior management by moving to quality teaching and choice theories. In order to improve the quality of education, Glasser is adamant we give priority to student’s five basic needs. Failure to address these needs and the school is bound to fail. These fiveRead MoreHenry Gantt s Life And Achievements1577 Words   |  7 Pagesstill to this day considered a management pioneer. In order to address the question this paper gives an overview of Henry Gantt’s life and achievements then analyzes of his achievements and how they affected the field of management. Henry Gantt had a brilliant scientific approach to management which he used to further the field. The results of his work while not earth shattering are significant to the field of management thus making Henry Gantt a management pioneer. Summary Henry Gantt wasRead MoreHr Managers Required Technical Competencies763 Words   |  4 Pagesassociation. While selecting and creating pioneers, HR experts ought to consider the capabilities that the individual has and contrast those with the ones that need further advancement for achievement in an administration part. By taking a gander at his/her present capabilities and contrasting those with the aptitudes important to fill an administrative position, associations can settle on better educated choices in contracting, creating and advancing pioneers. HR professional are able to use many associationsRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliographies; Henri Fayols Work Relevance1031 Words   |  5 PagesRodrigues, CA, 2001, ‘Fayol’s 14 principles of management then and now: a framework for managing today’s organizations effectively’, Management Decision, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 880-889. Rodrigues discusses in some detail how Fayols principles of management individually are/are not used in modern management. He doesnt necessarily hold a contention or argument as he is ultimately comparing and contrasting the world of management in US organisations from early 1900s to now. However the result ofRead MorePioneer Petroleum1486 Words   |  6 PagesPioneer Petroleum Corporation One of the critical problems confronting management and the board of Pioneer Petroleum Corporation was the determination of a minimum acceptable rate of return on new capital investments, The company’s basic capital budgeting approach was to accept all proposed investments with a positive net present value when discounted at the appropriate cost of capital. At issue was how the appropriate discount rate would be determined. The company was weighing two alternativeRead MoreWilliam Edwards Deming – Total Quality Pioneer941 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Edwards Deming – Total Quality Pioneer Warren Edwards MGT/449 Preface The purpose of this paper is to define quality and its elements and explain why the elements of quality are useful in today’s environment. W. Edwards Deming is the pioneer chosen; how Deming used the total quality elements making him successful will be discussed. The future of quality will be addressed with my predictions for the end result.    Quality And Today’s Environment Quality is defined as aRead MorePioneer Petroleum 1986 Words   |  4 PagesARDA ATIK, CAN KORKMAZ DATE: NOVEMBER 4, 2014 CASE: PIONEER PETROLEUM CORPORATION Overview of the Company Pioneer Petroleum Corporation established in 1924 and operating in oil refining, pipeline transportation, and industrial chemical fields. Company uses weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) as a discount rate to discount future cash flows that generate from possible projects. According to net present values of these possible projects management decides to invest or not. WACC represents the minimumRead MoreChange Management. Student Name. Institution Of Affiliation.1025 Words   |  5 Pages Change Management Student Name Institution of Affiliation Introduction Change Management is a basic key undertaking in any association. However, pioneers are the ones considered in charge of the plan and usage of progress. In the most recent decade, measurements show that just about 80% of progress ventures do not succeed. Past reviews likewise affirm that goals of most change activities are not achieved. In specific cases, the change tasks are finished after the set due dates, consequentlyRead MoreThe Performance Of The Pioneer Company Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe criteria for measuring the performance of the pioneer company, how the Balanced Scorecard can serve the company by the following process A Balance scorecard is a systematic approach to performance measurement that reflects the strategy of an organization into clear objectives, measures and targets. The Balance Scorecard integrates an appropriate mix of performance measures in the short and long term financial and nonfinancial performance measures used throughout the organization, based on the

A Business Plan For A New Business - 1712 Words

During the last few years while working as a machinist, Bruce realized he did not want to punch a clock the rest of his life. He was always searching for a business opportunity where he could set his own hours, create his own success, and be his own boss. While thinking of ideas for a startup business, he began thinking of his past employment history. Spending most of his youth working on local dairy farms, he saw firsthand the damage pests can do to the dairy herd and effect the production of milk. Rodents could decimate grain storage by contaminating the feed stock. They carry diseases which can cause illness in the herd. Flies were a constant nuisance to the herd causing sores and undue stress often times causing reduction of milk production. Realizing that this was an untapped market for pest control in his area, he decided this was a great idea for a new business. He signed up for classes and soon became licensed for pest control within the state of Wisconsin. So, after developing a business plan in 1998, Bruce founded Blakeman Exterminating. Prior to this, Bruce did not possess any formal business, financial, or marketing training. However, growing up in a large family, many of his relatives owned their own businesses and were willing to mentor him. Through their experience and guidance they helped Bruce make sound decisions during the initial years of his business which created a solid business strategy and objectives. One of these decisions wasShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan For The New Business1864 Words   |  8 Pages Business plans are used to outline the details of a new business. This is then used as a tool to attract potential investors to help out with the startup of the company (Ramsey 182). Additionally, it helps those who are starting up a business examine what it will actually take for the new business to be successful (Ramsey 183). However, business plans are not solely reserved for those who are starting a new business; some businesses create business plans to show how they will improve or restructureRead MoreBusiness Plan For A New Business Program1334 Words   |  6 PagesWhenever a new business program is created, it explicitly employs a business model that is suitable for that particular business, which describes the design, the delivery and the mechanism it employs to achieve success. The core meaning of a business model is to define the value it delivers to its customers, make customer pay for the value provided, and converts these payments to profit (Teece, 2009). There are diff erent types of business models and they suit different types of business. Berry (nRead MoreBusiness Plan For A New Venture1355 Words   |  6 PagesA business plan can be used for beginning a new business, to create a more profitable business or for consideration of new services and ideas. A business plan is a written document that gives details on a business idea or venture and present the outlook of the business over a number of years. This plan will guide the business project management and operations, assist in vital decisions and measure performance. There are many types of business plans and not one of them is considered a universal planRead MorePreparing A Business Plan For Your New Business1472 Words   |  6 PagesWhen entering into a small business, management style is crucial. Additionally, there are other key factors that should be considered in preparing a business plan for your new business. One of these factors is size of the company or potential growth. When Eve Ye n embarked on her business she was not totally prepared. She was not fully knowledgeable of the managerial process to begin operations. In order to start, the entrepreneur must demonstrate enough management skills to execute how the operationsRead MoreMarketing Plan For A New Business Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesis pretty easy to set up a new business but the actual challenge lies in surviving the cutthroat competition and to stimulate growth over the years. One of the prime reasons why most of the businesses face a very tough time is the lack of proper marketing plan and minimal focus on branding. After all, only when you are able to market your products properly to your target segment will you have a chance to generate revenue to take your business forward. While a business success is largely dependentRead MoreImplementing A New Plan For Business1325 Words   |  6 Pagescompany and need to come up with a new plan in order to stay in the business. Developing a Strategic Plan The development of a new plan for business and its implementation needs a lot of effort and time. However, our dedicated experts developed the plan and implementation procedures following the 10 steps which are summarized below: Define Goals It is necessary to develop a new version of our software that will be compatible and will work without any problem with the new version of operating system ofRead MorePlan For A New Strategic Business Plan2051 Words   |  9 Pagesand establish a new organisation, the need for a new strategic business plan is imperative. The massive majority of the newly-merged companies failed to reach both their financial and strategic goals and endure in an arguably competitive business world, because they lack of an effective plan, which will consider the tremendous changes that took place for both the acquiring and the acquired company and which will assure the smooth integration of practices and policies within the new organisation (MarksRead MoreBusiness Plan For A New Company5096 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction – Denise’s Scrapping with Style Draft Business Plan This paper will provide a draft business for a new company; Denise’s Scrapping with Style (DSS). First, this paper will revise the company description based on feedback received to date. Next, it will review the industry analysis and trends section base also on pointers received from other professionals. Further, this paper will modify the strategic position and risk assessment section based on valued opinions received thus farRead MoreStrategic Plan For A New Business1483 Words   |  6 PagesStarting a new business is not easy especially in an industry that already has strong procedures and standards. Every manager and leader associated with a startup company knows the value of a solid business plan and its impact on the first year of operation. One of the first steps new owners take before opening its doors is to develop a strategic plan and company objectives, both long and short-term that provide a blueprint for enterprise growth. Organizational executives are res ponsible forRead MoreBusiness Plan For A New Company7582 Words   |  31 PagesIntroduction – Denise’s Scrapping with Style Final Business Plan This paper will provide a final business plan for a new company; Denise’s Scrapping with Style (DSS). First, this paper will provide an executive summary for this business plan justifying: a clear and concise business concept; a thoroughly planned business concept; a capable management structure; a clear-cut market need, as well as significant competitive advantages for DSS; realistic financial projections; a definition of the excellent

Dracula Extension Speech Free Essays

From the ability to change physical form to a blood-thirsty nature society has always been morbidly fascinated with the concept of Dracula. It has not only seduced literature such as Bram Stoker’s Dracula but also infected mainstream music and film industries. Many composers have expanded and appropriated much of the vampire genre such as Francis Ford Coppola’s Dracula and Slayer’s Bloodline. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula Extension Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ideas surrounding vampires has been of good versus evil, the nature of religion and immortality. It is due to these notions which allow us to assess the visual and literary techniques, and context of these texts where vampires have long grasped the general population’s interest. Bram Stoker’s Dracula deals with the concept of vampirism in a ‘black and white’ view. The main antagonist is seen as a demonic monster that defied the status quo and attacked the innocent. Stoker purposely uses the technique of writing the novel in first person of every character except for Dracula creating a sense of mystery and foreboding, as the characters and readers themself is uncertain about Dracula’s true nature. However, the reader is hinted that Dracula is characterised as a sinister monster by small occurrences such as his feeding of a young child to the three vampires where Jonathan recounts, ‘there was a gasp and a low wail, as a half-smothered child†¦ I was aghast’. This scene in the early chapters of the book highlights the inhumanity of Dracula where Stoker demonstrates that this character is not only evil but also void of any morals. However in later appropriations, the monster is no longer seen as pure evil, but in fact has the ability to be more humane. In Coppola’s Dracula the opening scenes showcase the creation of Dracula, demonstrating the transition from human to monster. Not only does this allow the audience to understand the existence of this monster but also empathise with this creature, blurring the lines between good and evil. However the audience is still reminded that Dracula is still an evil monster despite him being given the human capacity of love as he feeds the three vampires a baby and says ‘Yes, I too can love. And I shall love again.    Despite this, Slayer’s Dracula sticks with the original characterisation of Stoker’s Dracula. The imagery that is used throughout Bloodline heavily coincides with the gothic motifs of vampirism such as ‘Blo11od fests’ and supernatural nocturnal manifestations such as ‘Night hides’ and ‘hunting packs. ’ Both Draculas are also void of human emotions and only seek to infect and destroy human lives. This is outlined w hen Stoker’s Dracula goes to England and attacks the innocent, where he forces Mina to become a vampire ‘flesh of my flesh’ by drinking his own blood as revenge to the slayers. This inhumane nature of Dracula attacking the innocent is also portrayed throughout the chorus of Bloodline, ‘I’ll kill you and your dreams tonight†¦Bleed your death upon me, Let your bloodline feed my youth. ’ Symbolism is a significant link between Stoker’s, Coppola’s and Slayer’s Dracula. Stoker and Slayer’s Dracula represents the anti-Christ, a forbidden entity which engaged readers from the repressed Victorian Era. It is through this symbolism that Dracula is portrayed as a supernatural evil where Stoker’s Dracula is repelled by any holy relics such as the crucifix. The believed ulterior motives of Dracula is made apparent by Slayer’s Dracula as he feels â€Å"Betrayed eternally’ by God and seeks to inflict his pain onto others as he chants ‘‘I’ll rip inside your soul, contaminating the world, defying God and son. ’ This strong inclination demonstrates the extent of how evil Dracula is and that his chosen actions are done to be the twisted parallel of God’s. In addition, Dracula’s blood consumption in all three texts acts as a perverse parallel of the Holy Communion as it is gruesomely similar to Christian believers who re-enact the ‘drinking’ of Christ’s blood. However Dracula’s strength comes from consuming people’s blood rather than giving it freely, as Renfield suggests, ‘The blood is the life! ’ in an epiphany whilst undertaking his sadistic experiments. This is evident as Stoker’s and Coppola’s Dracula grows stronger as Lucy’s health continues to deteriorate after his feeding on her. However society’s fascination is not based purely on the occult of the vampire but rather the more alluring attribute of being immortal. Stoker’s Dracula represents a creature that does not age nor fall ill, aspects which society today continues to strive to obtain. Thus a time limit is of no great significance to Dracula as he continues his attacks on turning many innocent people into vampires and in turn, inflict the same curse onto them as he states ‘My revenge has just begun! I spread it over centuries and time is on my side. † Similarly, Slayer’s Dracula also deals with the concept of immortality where he also feels the desire to attack innocent people as he states ‘I will live forever†¦ in my veins your eternity. ’ Both these characters are obsessed with turning masses of people into their own kind with the knowledge that immortality comes at a grave rice- a trade up for the soul. This price however is acknowledged by Coppola’s Dracula as he cannot bring himself to completely turn Mina due to his feelings for her. This decision allows the audience to empathise with Dracula as he is given a human emotion of compassion where he cannot bear to let Mina be cursed to live a life of being hated, feared and soulless. This is shown during the scenes when Dracula has cut open his vein for her to drink but stops her as he exclaims ‘You’ll be cursed as I am†¦I love you too much to condemn you. Thus the concept of immortality is an object of desire by Mina as she yearns to live eternally with Dracula but this resistance by him allows the audience to witness the little ‘good’ that he has and in turn, demonstrates that society’s fascination of immortality should be viewed as a curse rather than blessing. Throughout the analysis of these texts, it is apparent that the key elements of Dracula are good versus evil, the role of religion and immortality. It is due to these elements which capture our interest in the concept of vampirism where we are continually enticed to delve into the darker realms of an occult and explore the concept of immortality. Stoker’s Dracula as well as its appropriations effectively portrays the possessive nature of this character where there is a dependency on people’s blood for life as well as the ease of manipulating victims into giving their life force which accounts for the obsessive fascination of Dracula. How to cite Dracula Extension Speech, Essay examples

Journal in Housekeeping free essay sample

Long after prelims and midterms week have ended, pre-finals and finals have taken its way to its last. Since the first two months of discussing the topics covered by the course subject THM 56 with the descriptive title of Hospitality Management Operational Management/ Introduction to HRM, I have come to know lots of information pertaining to running and operating a hotel in a competitive tourism industry from its organization to its administration. The history of the first and most famous hotels before and the Front Office was quite an interesting fact. Now going to the recent topic covered by the semifinals and finals which is the Housekeeping Department and F B Department, I started to realize that it is not an easy to task to be in those departments because of its high volume pressure working environment. Even though the general public tends to think of the housekeeping as the department that makes the bed, empties the ashtrays and wastebaskets, tidies up the bathroom and leaves fresh towels. We will write a custom essay sample on Journal in Housekeeping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The truth of the matter is that it takes more manpower to accomplish housekeeping’s almost countless functions than those of any other department in the hotel. Housekeeping’s responsibilities may begin with fabrics, and progress to the selection and purchase of all furniture and furnishings. It encompasses not only their cleaning but also their maintenance, repair, refurbishment and eventual replacement. Furthermore, even the seemingly simple cleaning functions are not simple at all. It involves more than cleaning the sleeping, eating, meeting and washrooms areas which means the grim job of cleaning the grease coated vents over kitchen ranges and fry kettles, the delicate job of cleaning switchboard equipment, and perhaps, the never ending job of cleaning the thousands of crystals used in chandeliers. Isn’t it tough? Even when an interior designer is employed, the professional housekeeper works very closely with him in the selection, refurbishing and replacement of furniture, furnishing floor and wall coverings, and even such minor artifacts as soap dishes, towel bars and ash trays, as well as uniforms and linens. Since lost and found department and the sewing room are usually under the responsibility of the executive housekeeper, he or she should have sufficient information about functions of those sections. It was also mentioned in our discussion that the professional housekeeper also needs at least a working knowledge of such functions as accounting, sanitation, and record keeping, and special skills in the field of hiring and handling personnel same way as the F B Department. A place where a bona fide traveler can receive food and shelter provided he is in a position to pay for it and is in a physically and mentally fit conditioned to receive. Hence, a hotel must provide food and beverage, lodging to travelers on payment and has, in turn, the right to refuse if the traveler is drunk, disorderly, unkept, or not in a position to pay for the services offered. I have learned also that the most important function of a hotel is to provide food and shelter to prospective guest and to the other employees as well. In the discussion also, there were some common terminologies in the both departments provided. It could be of great help that we ascertain those terms as those include the importance of distinguishing and deliberating the relevant matters currently occurring in the housekeeping and F B Department. I know that there are still some departments fall under a hotel organizational structure and I am mostly aware of its functions in the hospitality industry since I am a forthcoming employee in the said industry and to be progressive worker, I should totally disseminate its objectives and purpose.

Discipline As Folklore Essays - Folklore, , Term Papers

Discipline As Folklore There is no need to argue whether discipline has a role in society. The types, severity, and appropriateness are debatable, but it surely serves a purpose. This applies on a global scale, with groups such as NATO and the UN, all the way down to individual households. The family unit acts as a training camp for upcoming members of a community by teaching children what is expected of them through example and discipline. Though the methodology varies from household-to-household, culture-to-culture, place-to-place; we all have had to answer to authority at some point or another. The methods and lessons passed from generation to generation are preserved in the retelling of our own experiences to one another. These stories can also serve as a badge of honor; proof that we have survived the storm and are worthy members of society. An inspection of the interview answers reveals variation between the types of punishment that disciplinarians, mostly parents, chose to use. Though not well reflected in the transcript, those who were disciplined harshly, with one exception, express that they afford their parents less propriety and do not see themselves emulating the approach of their elders. [Appendix B] It is interesting to note, however; that the offenses themselves tend to be similar. Five of the eight recorded responses list lying as a punishable offense. Disrespect or getting in taboo situations seems to be a common thread as well. The majority of respondents' share views about the intentions behind their parents' actions, more specifically, they recognize that discipline is a means for parents to ?teach me what they considered the right way to act - based on their moral and religious beliefs. [Appendix A: What do you think were the motives behind their actions? #2] While collecting the data, I was surprised to see how eager people were to share such private aspects of their lives. I handed out interview questions to some friends in the library (campfire) who quickly began reminiscing about childhood experiences. The conversation attracted the attention of nearby studiers and passers by who stopped to listen or throw in a personal anecdote or two. I found myself playfully competing with my interviewees over who had the most, the funniest, or the wildest stories. By telling their story, people reveal themselves. Their personality is highlighted by the kind of story they tell and the way they tell it. Explanations for an individual's behavior may become evident in a functionalist sense: 'Why I am the way I am' is explored through an expression of feelings and bottled up emotions through references of the past. This directly relates to Phenuminology and Znamiecki's discussion of knowledge of self. Some responses reflect a change in consciousness such as: I was caught. I realize that my dad was pretty slick and if I was going to do going to do something I wasn't supposed to, I had to be more careful and look at all the possibilities of getting caught. [Appendix A: What made this instance stand out? #6] Another important aspect of the telling of the story is in reinforcing the immediate community. By jokingly sharing our humility, we have the opportunity to strengthen our familiarity and bond with each other as Swarthmore students. The relationship between discipline and folklore may seem vague at first. The key to bridging the gap lies in the way the correlation is set up. Instead of finding similarities between the two, it is necessary to view discipline as a form of folklore. Thus affording discipline all of the rules and stipulations of its assumed parent. The story that the interviewees tell is a clear example of a personal narrative. The characteristics of folklore regarding the hero pattern, as it concerns a persecuted youth who survives the wrath of the evil witch [Appendix A: What did you think of them at the time? #3], are satisfied in most accounts. This is paramount to 'fairy tales' such as Cinderella, which display the evil stepmother. The similarity between the two implies the manifestation of real life situations in the mythical tales. Discipline mimics the kiss that turns the frog into a prince. The authenticity of this kiss comes from lips that kissed, or in plain

Analysing a text guide (Autosaved) Essays - Linguistics, Language

Analysing a text guide (Autosaved) Essays - Linguistics, Language \Analysing a text Refer to line numbers in your examples What to look for: Answer: An example (if possible): Mode - spoken or written Has spoken nature to it. Register - formal or informal This radio show is very informal as it has a wide use of colloquialisms, slang and has a wide variety of playful words to it. The way the words re omitted also shows that laid back type of conversation between the two subjects. In the background information, it says that the topic being discussed is the issue of pets being in their owner's beds at night' - this is informal because it is a radio show of someone and 2 other people stating their opinion of pets being in their beds. A business worker and a principle would not have this type of conversation. Function - play, entertainment, inform, persuade, etc. The function is to entertain the audience. It could also be to inform pet owners about the issue of pets being in owners' bed. Social Purpose - how is it used within the society Lexical/morphological features that support function and social purpose Free morphemes are used to support the information and the function of the transcript. Syntactic features that support function and/or social purpose Shortening Elision In line 65, shortening was used with the word coupla', the word is originally meant to be couple of' but got shortened to coupla'. In line 4 the word you' is shortened to ya' to close the social distance and Phonological Features There is a wide use of slang. Slang is more common in speech and it is words or phrases that are very informal and they are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people. Assimilation is also used when one sound sounds similar or almost identical to another sound, creating one sound in between words. In line 22 and 39 the word thunder buddies' is a word that can be understood by the ingroup but not understood by those who don't usually use that word. In line 30 the word bewdiful' is spelt how it is pronounced, the letter t' is omitted to the letter d'. How is coherence (the little parts forming the text) and cohesion (text as a whole) achieved? Face Needs (attended to or not) Conversational strategies

Development and Analysis of Two Mini Case Studies Study

Development and Analysis of Two Mini Studies - Case Study Example with aim of being most innovative company with technologically advanced products that entered the market of mobile industry so that it can differentiate itself from PC industry (Fuller, 2010). It was successful in making its name in mobile device company in 2010. By the end of 2009, Apple grew to become fourth largest vendor of PC in the market of United States with market share of about 8%. According to Mishra (2011), Apple had market capitalization of about $220 billion in spring of 2010. Apple has mostly implemented multi-million dollar marketing campaigns like the most successful ads by slogan â€Å"Think Different† and it promoted itself as a well-known alternative for computer and mobile device industries. The company highlighted itself as the world’s â€Å"greenest lineup of notebooks†. According to Kim and Mauborgne (2009), the primary goal of Apple is to differentiate its products and intense competition in the PC and mobile device industry. However, App le faced some challenges when management and employees were having different opinions about running the company and they even missed some opportunities which impacted its competitive advantage and gave clear path to companies such as Dell, Gateway and Microsoft. Other failures that were faced by the company in its initial operational years comprised of design crime which meant it focuses on synonymous designs i.e. sleek and sexy and when it deviates from it some problems are encountered such as in 1998 the hockey puck which was colorful and translucent and 1997 20th anniversary Mac which was a bronze-colored monstrosity failed in the market; iWay or Highway approach by Jobs till 1997 made Apple lose its market share to Android as people wanted to freely use their iPhones and iPads and its attempt to target professional market by launching the Pippin, the Macintosh Portable, the invasion of the Mac clones and the Newton MessagePad; all were failure products (Pitta & Pitta, 2012; Tyna n, 2011). Apple Inc. now operates in various lines of computer and music industries; it designs as well as manufactures all of its computers and software. It was ventured into the music world by marketing its products such as iPod, iTunes and digital music player (Al-Rubaie, 2010). The main target market of Apple comprises of home users, small and medium sized businesses along with education segment that comprises of younger generation and creative individuals. Apple retail store has successfully captured its target market’s attention and helped it in offering direct access to its products and software. According to McGee, Thomas, and Wilson (2005), strategy used by Apple is differentiation strategy as it believes in providing innovative products to its target market that are developed with cutting edge technology. Recently, Apple won its case against Samsung in which it charged Samsung for copying the design of iPhones. According to Gahran (2012), the jury of much-hyped Appl e versus Samsung patent infringement lawsuit handed down the verdict in which Apple was given everything that it wanted which was a billion dollar payment from Samsung and possibility of injunction against sales of infringement of Samsung smartphones and tablets. The main critical success factors of Apple are that it has well integrated computer systems; AirPort Express is a package offered by the company that comprises of print spooler, audio, bridging and Ethernet; subcontracting of its

Revolutionaries are the Best Ways to Effect Positive Change in Research Paper

Revolutionaries are the Best Ways to Effect Positive Change in Opressive Regimes When Human Rights are Violated - Research Paper Example Revolutionaries are the most effective means of effecting positive change in oppressive regimes. Examples of revolutionaries that succeeded in bringing positive change and ending injustices include American Revolution, French Revolution and Recent revolutions in Arab countries. Revolutionaries are the best ways to effect positive change in oppressive regimes when human rights are violated and injustices exist Introduction Revolutionaries are the best way to effect positive change under any oppressive regime. Revolutionaries are justified when citizens experience continued injustices and violation of basic human rights by the ruling government. Revolutionary refers to drastic change that occurs when citizens break laws in order to protest against government policies. Examples of revolutionaries that were precipitated by oppressive regimes include the Civil Rights Movements in the US and recent Arab World uprisings. Citizens engage in revolutionaries by refusing to pay taxes, damaging government property and civil protests that aim at blocking traffic flow in major highways. Revolutionaries occur when the oppressive regime blocks the channels of negotiation or when the government is not willing to address the problems affecting the citizens (Spielvogel, 2011). This paper will discuss the importance of revolutionaries in bringing positive change in oppressive regimes when citizens experience injustices and violation of fundamental human rights. John Locke (1632-1704) asserts that governments derive their authority from the people thus civil liberties of the citizens should be protected by the government (Grant, 1991). Citizens should engage in revolutions if the government violates their human rights and curtails freedom of expression. According to Locke, if regimes alter the laws in order to curtail the rights of individuals, the citizens are justified to protest and overthrow the government (Grant, 1991). The ruling regime should adhere to the social contract be tween the government and citizens. John Rawls asserts that civil liberties enable citizens to live harmonious in the society thus all individuals should be accorded equality in rights and freedoms (Grant, 1991). Government economic policies should not disadvantage of the minority or create inequalities in income and wealth distribution. Most of the Arab uprisings were occasioned by high income inequalities that created high unemployment and poor living conditions to the low income earners. The ruling regime should promote civil rights and minimize social classes in the society in order to promote the welfare of the whole society (Richards, 2004). Revolutionaries are the best method of affecting positive change when several minority groups encounter discrimination and injustices from the oppressive regimes. Such regimes are characterized by dictatorship rule, disrespect for humanity and lack of freedom of expression in the society (Spielvogel, 2011). For instance, President Mubarak v iolated Egyptian constitution by hindering the freedom of media and civil liberties of individuals who criticized government policies. In oppressive regimes, citizens have no economic and political power to change the ruling government. Oppressive regimes have total control of the media thus citizens should engage in mass civil protests and boycotts to effect positive change in the political leadership. For instance, Gaddafi’s oppressive regime targeted journalists who criticized or reported of atrocities that were committed on the

How graphic design and skateboard graphics coincide and have Essay

How graphic design and skateboard graphics coincide and have influenced the growth in skateboarding since the 70's - Essay Example consisting of roller-skate wheels attached to a two by four; once the push bar of the scooter-like contraption was broken off, skateboarding was born’ (Skateboarding History, 2007). Through the years, skateboarding has been developed extensively especially as of the shape and the size of the skateboards. Moreover, graphics were added on skateboards presenting figures of all types (always in accordance with the cultural and social trends of a specific period). Current paper examines the relation of skateboarding with graphic design. The influence of the latter to the development of the former especially after the period of 1970s is the main issue analyzed in this paper. In order for the above relationship to be clearer, it is necessary to present the history of skateboarding from its appearance (approximately in 1959) until today. At the same time, it would be useful to refer to the development of graphic design throughout the years especially in relation with skateboarding. Th e views of professionals in the specific area have been also considered to be a valuable tool towards the understanding of the role of graphic design in the development of skateboarding since the 70s. The historical development of skateboarding has not been continuous. The period that characterized by a high growth of this activity is 1970s. In fact, it was during that period that the first skatepark appeared while skateboarding was extensively advertised in the television and the cinema. Moreover, new styles of skateboarding were adopted like slalom and freestyle. Regarding the developments in skateboarding that took place in the above period it is noticed that ‘this was the first time skateboarding had stars, some of the first really big names being Tony Alva, Jay Adams and Stacy Peralta; the look of skateboards also changed from being six to seven inches in width to over nine inches, providing better stability on vertical surfaces’ (Scateboarding History, 2007). In the above context,

Case Note MORRISON v JENKINS (1949) 80 CLR 626

Case Note MORRISON v JENKINS (1949) 80 CLR 626 Case Note On MORRISON v. JENKINS (1949) 80 CLR 626 (Whose baby case) Name of Court: High Court of Australia Name of Case: MORRISON v. JENKINS Citation: (1949) 80 CLR 626 Parties to the Action: Alberta Gwen Morrison, the Appeallant Jessie Jenkins, the Respondent Nature of Case: Civil Matter (Family Matter) Date of Judgement: Date of Decision: 22nd December, 1949 Bench: Five Judges Bench (Large/Full) including Chief Justice. Mr. Latham CJ, (dissenting) Mr. Rich J, Mr. Dixon J, Mr. McTiernan J, (dissenting) Mr. Webb, J. Facts and Summary: Mrs. Alberta Gwen Morrison gave a birth of a baby girl on 22nd June 1945 in the ‘Kyneton Hospital’ in Victoria. On that same day, within five minutes another lady named Mrs. Jessie Jenkins also gave a birth to a baby girl in the same ward. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison claimed that their baby girl had been swapped in the ward with the baby girl of Mrs. Jenkins. And Mrs. Jenkins had left the hospital with their baby (baby named Nola Jenkins). After four years, this matter reached to the high court with completion of all lower court proceedings. Mr. and Mrs Morrison wanted the back of their baby Nola, but the Jenkins family did not want to return Nola because they were convinced that they Nola was their baby and they had brought a child right from the hospital. At that time, there was no DNA testing, but from the report of blood test showed that Mr. Morrison could not be father of the baby which they had had from the Victoria Hospital. After that, the Supreme Court of Victoria held in this matter that the baby girl (Nola) was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Morrison and Jenkins Family should be return Nola to custody of her real parents. The decisions and judgments of judges in the high court were divided. On the one part, Mr. Justice Rich and Mr. Justice Dixon said that the status of parentage of a child is so much doubt ful as wll as itfavorable be in the favourable circumstance for the child to return child to her original parent from persent custody parent. On the second part, Mr. Justice Webb did not agree with the decision of the tarial judge that the baby girl belonged to Morrisons’ family. There was an evidence which included another fact which was that the within twenty four hours there was more children born and might be one of those have been given to Morrison family. On the third part, Chief Justice Latham and Mr. Justice McTiernan said that Nola should be given back to Morrison family. According to Mr. Justice McTiernan, blood test is a enough evidence for proving that Nola is the child of Mr. Morrison. He also explained that The test of â€Å"best-interest-of-the-child† only applied when parents fight with each other for the custody of minor, but in this situation parents are together and real parents are natural and lawful guardian of their own child and also have an absolute legal right to the custody of their own child. The majority of judges’ decision were that Jenkins family should retain the custody of Minor child Nola and Morrisons’s family should retain custody of Johanne. And in the result, the appeal was refused. Brief Judgement/Decision of Trail Court/High Court: The decision by the supreme court of Victoria (Barry.J) regarding above said matter is that Nola was the daughter of Mr. Morrison and the welfare of children is that to leave and brought up with her own real parent because real parent can take care better than others. Nola should in the custody of her real parents. According to Herring C.J, the writ of habeus corpus is un suitable of this proceeding because this is a proceeding for the determination of the parentage of child but application for the habeus corpus is much suitable procedure because oarents wants to obtain the custody of their own child. According to Fullage.J. there is benefit of doubt as the parantge of the child even no order should be made if a slightest doubt is occurring. Low J. Agreed by all other members of the bench. Relevant law: Legitimacy Declaration Act 1858 section 1 The Marriage Acts 1928-1941 (Vict.), s. 136 are derived from the English Guardianship of Infants Act 1925 Halsbury, Laws of England, 2nd ed ., vol. XVII., p. 666 Section 136 of the Marriages Acts 1928-1941 (Victoria) provide that the court have power to decide the question of custody of minor regarding the welfare as the first essentio consideration. Halsbury, Laws of England, 2nd ed ., vol. XVII., p. 666 stated that â€Å"a father, whose infant child is not in his custody, and a mother, where she is entitled to the custody, may, in the absence of good reason to the contrary, obtain the custody of the child by a writ of habeas corpus According to Issue: The main issues in this case were that: Whether is this matter relating to guardianship or parentage? Whether is it the welfare of child or not to change the guardianship? Whether is there defacto relationship has existed between child and present guardian? Whether appeal should be allowed or not? Which parents have custody right on the child? Whether comman law applied on this matter? Whether Nola is legitimate child of Mr. and Mr. Morrison? Ratio Decidendi: There are two points in which determines the judgment of all judges that is: That the welfare of child is more important than anything and welfare of child is a paramount consideration. That the Parentage of child is ligitimate. According to Mr. Latham, that this is a welfare of the child that he or she should be brought up with and by its real parents not other than and should be in the custody of her real parents. And Mr Latham fully supports the judgment of Mr. Barry J the Judge of Supreme Court of Victoria. He also mentioned the affidavit of Mr. Morrison in the trial court proceedings that Mrs. Morrion gave evidence that she never ever had any sexual relationship with any person except her husband. And Johanne Lee is not a child of her husband. Mr. Rich J, stated that the one thing which is more important after parentage issue that is welfare of child. In this matter the de-facto relationship has formed between the both parents and children and they have also defacto relationship exists between siblings and other family members. McTiernan J. relied on the scientific evidence which was blood test. He also mentioned that the natural parents are the lawful guardians of their own child and have right to custody. And they have the right of habeas corpus. He also state that the in the interest of welfare of child it is most important thing that parent should take care of their own child. Mr. Webb J. mentioned that both children are well developed and attractive but he was not able to check and observe the features of resemblance with parents and that kind could placed reliance on them. Mr. Dixon J. gives the opinion that this matter donot have any question of law and have only question of fact. According to him welfare of a child as a paramount consideration and never be neglected. He also fully support the view of the High Court that the whole future happiness and welfare of both child is on stake. Obiter Dicta / Notes: After the hearing of both parties; the leave to appeal dismisses by a a majority of three to two judges, Mr. Rich, Mr.Dixon and Mr.Webb JJ; Mr.Latham CJ and Mr. McTiernan J dissenting. All judges of court describe and set the standard of proof at very high level. Mr. Rich J. He stated that the Morrison must exclude ‘every other reasonable hypothesis’[1] Mr. Dixon J. He expressed his agreement with the view of the Victorian Full Court.[2] â€Å"the further inference or conclusions which have been drawn as to the precise manner in which the babies were handled and exactly by whom are doubtful and in some respectsspeculative and they are unsafe.†[3] Mr. McTiernan J. He stated that ‘all reasonable doubt’ must be excluded. [4] Mr. Webb J. He was not prepared to go so far. His Honour stated that while a court cannot change the standard of proof, ‘it can and should insist on exact or cogent proofs on issues of grave importance like that of parentage’.[5] Mr. Latham CJ , that the appeal should be allowed with costs, that the decision of the Full Court should be set aside and that the order of Barry J. should be restored.[6] Conclusion: In my point of view, This case is a family matter of guardianship as well as parentage. Morrison family wanted return their baby from the Jenkins family. There was sufficient evidence for proof that Mr. Morrision was the father of baby girl but the majority of judges of high court did not allow to gave custody of baby. So that guardianship of baby girl remaind status Quo. The evidences proves that the baby born on 22nd June 1945 and beloged to Mrs. Morrison. Affidavits and cross examinations as well as blood test of baby and Morrison also proves that the Nola is a legitimate child of Mr. Morrison but after all of these was not in the favour of child to change the guardianship and return to her real parent because there was defacto relationship existed and if court change the custody of the child then it may be harmful effect on child. This is very unusual and interesting case because this case treated as special case because there is no question of law included in this case. The case is depends upon question of fact rather then question of law and treated as a special case. Because in normal circumstances, father and mother fights for custody of the minor but in this case two different families were fighting for custody of the child. The Majority of judges agreed after examined the evidence that Mr. Morisson was a father of child but they focus on welfare of child rather than legitimacy of child. [1] Morrison v Jenkins [1949] HCA 69 (22 December 1949) page 640 [2] Morrison v Jenkins [1949] HCA 69 (22 December 1949) page 646 [3] Ibid page 643 [4] Ibid page 648 [5] Ibid page 654 [6] Ibid page 637

Comparing Love in Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovannis Room, and Anot

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Baldwin’s first three novels -Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovanni's Room, and Another Country-boil over with anger, prejudice, and hatred, yet the primary force his characters must contend with is love.   Not meek or mawkish but "...something active, more like fire, like the wind" (qtd. in O'Neale 126), Baldwin's notion of love can conquer the horrors of society and pave the way to "emotional security" (Kinnamon 5).   His recipe calls for a determined identity, a confrontation with and acceptance of reality, and finally, an open, committed relationship.   Though Baldwin's characters desperately need love, they fail to meet these individual requirements, and the seeds of love they sow never take root and grow to fruition.    Baldwin's fixation with love, especially a love perpetually denied, arises from his past, which colors must of his writings.   Baldwin never knew his father.   He endured the brunt of his stepfather's abuse simply because he was not his true son.   Similarly, Baldwin's characters never receive familial love and are cast out, with neither support nor an understanding of love, into a world of hatred.   Baldwin never forgot his cold, strict, intolerant stepfather, David Baldwin, and this failed relationship between father and son forms the basis for his first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain.   Also fundamental to Baldwin's works is his homosexuality, which plays a predominate role in Giovanni's Room and Another Country.   He favors the homosexual characters, who come closest to achieving love, not merely on account of their sexuality, but because they tend to meet more of Baldwin's prerequisites: "In his most elegant formulation, [Baldwin] remarked that the word homosexual might be an adjective, perhaps a... ...unity."   MELUS 10 (1983), 27-31.   Rpt. in Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. O'Neale, Sondra A.   "Fathers, Gods, and Religion: Perceptions of Christianity and Ethnic Faith in James Baldwin."   In Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. Pratt, Louis H. James Baldwin.   Boston: Twayne, 1978. Rosenblatt, Roger.   "Out of Control: Go Tell It on the Mountain and Another Country."   In Black Fiction.   N.p.: Harvard University, 1974.   Rpt. in Harold Bloom ed.   James Baldwin.   New York: Chelsea House, 1986. Standley, Fred L.   "James Baldwin: The Artist as Incorrigible Disturber of the Peace." Southern Humanities Review 4 (1970), 18-30.   Rpt. in Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. Comparing Love in Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovanni's Room, and Anot      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Baldwin’s first three novels -Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovanni's Room, and Another Country-boil over with anger, prejudice, and hatred, yet the primary force his characters must contend with is love.   Not meek or mawkish but "...something active, more like fire, like the wind" (qtd. in O'Neale 126), Baldwin's notion of love can conquer the horrors of society and pave the way to "emotional security" (Kinnamon 5).   His recipe calls for a determined identity, a confrontation with and acceptance of reality, and finally, an open, committed relationship.   Though Baldwin's characters desperately need love, they fail to meet these individual requirements, and the seeds of love they sow never take root and grow to fruition.    Baldwin's fixation with love, especially a love perpetually denied, arises from his past, which colors must of his writings.   Baldwin never knew his father.   He endured the brunt of his stepfather's abuse simply because he was not his true son.   Similarly, Baldwin's characters never receive familial love and are cast out, with neither support nor an understanding of love, into a world of hatred.   Baldwin never forgot his cold, strict, intolerant stepfather, David Baldwin, and this failed relationship between father and son forms the basis for his first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain.   Also fundamental to Baldwin's works is his homosexuality, which plays a predominate role in Giovanni's Room and Another Country.   He favors the homosexual characters, who come closest to achieving love, not merely on account of their sexuality, but because they tend to meet more of Baldwin's prerequisites: "In his most elegant formulation, [Baldwin] remarked that the word homosexual might be an adjective, perhaps a... ...unity."   MELUS 10 (1983), 27-31.   Rpt. in Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. O'Neale, Sondra A.   "Fathers, Gods, and Religion: Perceptions of Christianity and Ethnic Faith in James Baldwin."   In Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988. Pratt, Louis H. James Baldwin.   Boston: Twayne, 1978. Rosenblatt, Roger.   "Out of Control: Go Tell It on the Mountain and Another Country."   In Black Fiction.   N.p.: Harvard University, 1974.   Rpt. in Harold Bloom ed.   James Baldwin.   New York: Chelsea House, 1986. Standley, Fred L.   "James Baldwin: The Artist as Incorrigible Disturber of the Peace." Southern Humanities Review 4 (1970), 18-30.   Rpt. in Fred L. Standley and Nancy V. Burt.   Critical Essays on James Baldwin.   Boston: G. K. Hall, 1988.

Porter 5 forces on Tourism industry and explanation Essay

The UK Inbound Tourism IndustryIntroduction:Tourism is seventh of the largest industries in the UK, worth  £74 billion to the UK economy. There are currently 2.1 million jobs in the industry. Within the inbound Tourism to the UK, 30 million overseas visitors who came in 2005 spent  £14 billion on holidays 2005 was a record year for UK inbound tourism both in terms of volume and value. The UK ranks fifth in when compared international tourism earnings league behind the USA, Spain, France and Italy. Within UK home Tourism, UK residents in 2005 took 59.3 million holidays of one night or more spending  £11.5 billion. They even took 22.5 million overnight business trips spending  £5.3 billion and  £52.7 million overnight trips to friends, family& relatives spending  £5.4 billion (Mintel 2008)(Visit Britain, ). Porters Five Forces:Fig 1:Threat of New EntrantsThreat of new entrants into the tourism industry is very high; there were a handful of low-priced carriers in the UK, flying mostly to holiday destinations. The market valuation of Ryan air become more than that of British Airways. Since then, there are many more new entrants in the low-cost carrier sector, posing major threats to the front runners, Ryan air and Easy Jet. A shake-out of the low-cost segment is taking place. The share price of Ryan air has begun to decline because of the threat of new entrants (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 1 – Economies of ScaleNew entrants have to match existing providers to be able to survive and grow. One appeal for new airline entrants is the forecast increases in UK air travel from 200 million at present to 500 million journeys in 2030. The World Tourism Organisation estimates the doubling of air journeys over the same time period. Matching the cost base of existing new careers, new entrants could control a share of the air journeys. Within this long-term trend, there are likely to be reductions caused by events of and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This can lead to consolidation through takeovers, as this happened through the merger of Klm and Air France, TUI taking over Thomson and Thomas Cook merging with German-based tour operators. These have led to companies with a global presence in the tourism market (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 2 – Product DifferentiationA new entrant has to have a unique selling point to attract customers. In tourism, there is a major tendency among tourists to be tempted by special offers in the form of discounts, add-ons and novelty value. Tourists have changed destinations, or choose different offerings in the same destination, depending on what was on offer and at what price and quality, or have moved from high-cost to low-cost carriers for their travel. There are companies that look to develop a unique product and branding, such as Thomas Cook (offering Club 18-30) and Saga (providing holidays and other products for the 50+ age group), and ecotourist holidays by TUI (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 3 – Switching CostsThese are one-time for the customer in switching from one supplier to another. In booking a holiday, travel agents shops tend to be in close immediacy to one another, and can be accessed by the internet and the telephone. Customers are used to shopping around and especially, in a culture driven by bargain hunting. Selecting which country to visit is influenced by whether it offers value for money (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 4 Capital Investment and Working CapitalThis can be a considerable entry barrier. For example, Iberostar are expanding by creating resorts in Croatia and the Caribbean. These require large capital investment and operating costs and a long-term commitment, which is predicted on an assessment of economic and political stability in these destinations. Existing resorts will need renewed investment to preserve their competitiveness (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 5 – Access to Distribution ChannelsConsolidation in the holiday market means that organisations such as Thomas Cook and TUI have considerable vertical integration involving hotels, airlines and travel agents and by market development have expanded their distribution channels. Independents have to develop their own networks. However, telesales and internet intermediaries have created new opportunities for new entrants to sell their services (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Factor 6 – Government Policy and Regulation:Laws passed by governments can act as an individual to new entrants. Some governments require investment to be linked to a local partner. The Maastricht Treaty of 1991 freed up the free movement of capital from one member state to another within the European Union. In the Mallorcan resort of Palma Nova/Magaluf, the local organisation of tourism businesses is lobbying municipal and regional government not to allow the development of all inclusive resorts because their members will lose sales to these tourists (Beech and Chadwick, 2006). Threat of SubstitutesThe threat of substitutes is low for the tourism industry. British people took their holidays in UK resorts before the 1960s. However, since the late 1950s, the development of jet travel has opened up travel to European destinations that leads to the decline of UK resorts. However, there has been the potential to develop sales to UK destinations. Power of CustomersThe power of customers is high, because they can have a huge power and influence profitability. Tour operators such as Thomas Cook and TUI purchase large volumes of hotel accommodation at the lowest prices. A common complaint by hoteliers is that if they do not comply, tour operators take their custom elsewhere. Tour operators identify a new destination with low start-up costs, and compete with existing destinations, which are then forced to lower their prices. Holiday-makers make choices based on quality at the lowest price and choose destinations different from the previous year . Power of SuppliersPower of suppliers is low. When suppliers have bargaining power, they can vary prices and quality of their services. In tourism, suppliers include raw materials, equipment, financial services and sources of labour. Tour operators have been evading travel agents by selling direct to holiday-makers through telesales and the internet . Intensity of Competition RivalryIntensity of competitive rivalry is very high, because organisations can face direct and indirect competitors. In tourism, direct competitors will depend on the sector of activity. In hotels, there are companies providing an economy, mid-range or top-level service, for which they charge an appropriate price. They compete within their own segment. By contrast, low-cost airlines operating short hauls were better able to survive and grow. The high-cost airlines were forced to engage in price cutting and competing with low-cost airlines to retain business. The long haul airlines have learnt to reduce turnaround times between flights, reduce operating costs and become leaner and meaner. The low-cost airline sector is competitive with 50 firms in Europe alone. There is the threat of high cost carriers competing in the no-frills sector as British Airways is threatening to do (Beech and Chadwick). Conclusion:To sum it up, competition in the UK tourism industry is fierce. Investment is so risky that responsible ethical investment companies withdraw from investing, and therefore the opportunity of ethical investment power is lost. It has become harder for travel companies to compete, because the products they offer are relatively the same. They have higher margins because of lower price sensitivity of wealthy customers. After all, companies goal is to have high profits and high sales. The nature of the relationship between a small business firm and its customers is trust. The answers to certain questions concerning practices with probable ethical consequences can be used by small business owner to prevent the perception of unethical practices. Refrences: Mintel Reports Accessed from http://reports.mintel.com/ Dated 8th of November. Robert M Grant (2008) Contemporary strategy analysis,6th Ed, BlackwellBeech, J. and Chadwick, S (2006) Accessed from The Business of Tourism Management on Dated 8th of NovemberVisit Britain (2006). Booking Patterns International versus Domestic Tourism Travel Accessed from www.tourismtrade.org.uk on dated 10th of November.

Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Example

Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Example Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Education and the process of learning is something that begins at home for children. Parents naturally want their children to do well in school, but this desire often clashes with other adult priorities (parents also want their children to be active and learn new hobbies), not to mention the children’s own to-do lists. There’s only so long a youngster is willing to do homework or read, before wanting to run off and do something a bit more fun. Not to worry! Here are some ideas for taking education out of a formal setting and making it enjoyable, through the medium of play. These are games for kids with an element of simple learning. Even better, your child won’t be sitting in front of a computer screen with these fun activities. Mathematics Games A fun mathematical challenge to play outside in the park would be to create a â€Å"fraction wall† using sticks. The first row of the wall is a whole stick, the row below it must be exactly the same length†¦but be composed of 2 sticks, the row below is composed of 3 sticks, etc. This game can be done in teams – perhaps racing to construct the best fraction wall in the fastest time. This can help children to visualise what fractions such as 1/2 or 2/3s look like. There are also a lot of mathematically-themed board or card games available for children of all ages. Some revolve around multiplication, others around addition. The advantage of sitting down at the kitchen table to play a maths game rather than hunting for online ones is that in addition to maths, your child will be learning important lessons about teamwork and social interaction. Language Games â€Å"Jumping Bean Phonics† is ideal for children just beginning school who are still learning the basics of reading and writing. This game can be played in small groups indoors. A number of simple, but common word endings (for example –ot, –og, –at) are written onto sheets of paper and laid out over the floor. The adult supervising the game has a set of cards each with a letter (for example h–, c–, l–). Each child gets a turn at being the â€Å"jumping bean†: when they are told their first letter they have to form as many correct words as they can in a given amount of time by jumping onto the particular ending card. So, if they were given the letter ‘m’, they could jump onto ‘–at’ to make ‘mat’; but jumping onto ‘–og’ wouldn’t count, because ‘mog’ isn’t a proper English word. At the end of the game, whoever has formed the most words in their allotted time wins. Science Games There are a lot of safe, easy experiments that children can perform at home which showcase the wonders of science and give them the opportunity to learn something interesting. One such challenge might be designing a parachute that lowers an object safely to the ground. But budding biologists can learn a lot about types of plants just by playing in their local park. Treasure hunt clues might guide a child around a natural space by identifying species of tree, or part of the challenge could be bringing back leaves from a particular plant in a certain amount of time. Education and knowledge aren’t just something that’s confined to the classroom or that has to be taught in a dull way. A passion for learning can be instilled just as effectively at home through games, playing outdoors, and having lots of fun.

Free Essays on Dermotology

may form themselves, and these should be accepted. But, for the most part, doodling allows the unconscious to come to the surface without judgment or critical analysis from the conscious mind. To practice the art of doodling do the following: Focus on something that you are attempting to create or resolve. Hold the initial idea or desire in the mind and allow yourself to go into a blank stare or soft focus, preferably on a neutral background (the sky, a white wall, neutral carpet). As ideas and feelings come to the mind simply doodle them onto a piece of clean white paper. Allow yourself to focus exclusively on an idea and discuss it with a friend. While you are discussing it doodle on a piece of clean white paper. Continue to doodle as you talk and listen. Don’t interpret or inhibit what you are drawing. When doodling just allow your hands to fol... Free Essays on Dermotology Free Essays on Dermotology Doodling allows the unconscious to render in symbolic expression. Symbols have universal as well as personal meaning. When you are stuck for an answer to a problem or looking for creative innovation, the technique of doodling will unleash the hidden symbolic powers of the unconscious mind. Symbols are a universal means of expression. Regardless of culture or geographic location, certain symbols have similar if not exactly the same meaning across the human spectrum. Carl Jung pioneered the investigation of symbols as archetypal attributes of the collective unconscious. He realized that the universe projects itself to our unconscious minds symbolically, utilizing imagery to transmit ideas that language cannot. Symbols are the universal language. Doodling essentially allows our intuitive feelings to express themselves in pictorial symbolic form. Interpreting these symbols can help to unveil meanings that are not apparent to our linear mind. A symbol conveys an entire thought in one image. Language depends upon a linear procession of symbols to convey a thought. While doodling, words may form themselves, and these should be accepted. But, for the most part, doodling allows the unconscious to come to the surface without judgment or critical analysis from the conscious mind. To practice the art of doodling do the following: Focus on something that you are attempting to create or resolve. Hold the initial idea or desire in the mind and allow yourself to go into a blank stare or soft focus, preferably on a neutral background (the sky, a white wall, neutral carpet). As ideas and feelings come to the mind simply doodle them onto a piece of clean white paper. Allow yourself to focus exclusively on an idea and discuss it with a friend. While you are discussing it doodle on a piece of clean white paper. Continue to doodle as you talk and listen. Don’t interpret or inhibit what you are drawing. When doodling just allow your hands to fol...

Film analysis 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film analysis 2 - Essay Example The gifted jazz musicians try to put together their band. They search for their big hit while their lives are entangled in one night stands and flickering love affairs. The narrative or the genre is uncanny because it is a collection of different genres. It is a musical due to so many musical numbers in the movie. It is also a drama for the characters represent different traits. There is a character played by Jack Carson which is the manic-depressive bandleader, while Elia Kazan plays the free-spirited clarinetist. The movie also incorporates the film noir genre which is probably its highlight. An escaped convict joins the band and starts his affair with the femme fatale, played by Bettie Field. This unholy union proves to be the cause of the band’s destruction. Hence the narrative structure is a collage of different film genres. Storytelling and narrative are similar in the sense that the story incorporates so many genres that it is difficult to establish a conventional ‘storytelling formula’. There are many twists and turns that movie is hardly predictable. It also makes audience confused which is evident by mixed reviews about the movie (Othman, 1941). The way the band gets together is strange but very interesting. Somehow the band members get locked up in the same cell at a police station where they hear a blues singer singing. It is a perfect beginning for the movie as it serves as the hook of the whole plot. The audiences start thinking about this new form band and think whether it will do good or will become oblivion. The New Jersey roadhouse called The Jungle becomes their first performance stage. The way screenwriters connect the bad with this roadhouse is through a character named Del. the meeting between the two is so strange that the character first robs them and then shows them the way to the roadhouse. After watching the movie the audiences might feel a little

Relationships Among Organizational Culture, Human, Resource Practices Essay

Relationships Among Organizational Culture, Human, Resource Practices and its CEOs Leadership Style - Essay Example However, it should be a representative of the views of the employee’s beliefs to encourage innovativeness and free will. The organizational culture is likely to be shaped by the Human Resources practices, the CEO and the leadership styles applied. For example if stern action is taken by the management due to specific behavior ,then everyone in the organization will follow a certain pattern either to adopt or avoid the occurrence depending on the outcome. The most influential person in the organization to set the organizational culture is the company’s CEO. Although a CEO may come into a company long before its culture has been established, he/she has an upper hand in changing the way things are done in the organization. When mergers and acquisitions are formed, the organizational culture of the organizations involved in the merger is likely to be affected .In turn, this change will affect he effectiveness of the organization (Heller, 2007). Normalcy can be resumed after successful merger of not only the business side but the human resources which is directly related to the organizational culture of the new acquired business. ... nducted during the transition, Joe Moeller stated that he had worked in the Petroleum and Koch industries for the last 39 years .Although GP presented him with a total new playing ground, he was ready to take on the new roles to greater success encompassed on Koch’s culture â€Å"we will develop and leverage what we believe are the core capabilities of Koch companies and build a culture of principled entrepreneurship† (DeGross, 2006). During his leadership position in Koch, Moeller promoted an entrepreneurial culture that awards and develops superior performers in the organization. He believed in people rather than in systems. In Koch, every single employee right from the top to the bottom enjoyed the right to share their opinion under his leadership. From this one can tell that Moeller was a people oriented and democratic leader. He believes in the capacity of every employee in helping the company achieve its goals. He practiced democracy because all employees were at liberty of questioning the status quo. Furthermore, he would easily interact with employees in the lower cadre a characteristic that a servant leader would exhibit. Most of these leadership characteristic that he had were absent in the old G.P. To successfully change the old G.P’s culture to suit the Koch’s one, Moeller introduced entrepreneurial spirit that promoted a people oriented leadership. He did away with the bureaucratic ways of making decision and brought in a democratic and participative culture. He also promoted the free interaction among all levels of employees to exhibit a servant leadership style where junior employees would not fell intimidated by their seniors (DeGross, 2006). GP’s HR policies worked along bureaucratic systems. The employees were accustomed to going through

Inventions and Discoveries Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inventions and Discoveries - Term Paper Example A brief description of each discovery will be included in this discussion as well as how each discovery has challenged traditions and changed society for the good. Telescope Telescope is a device used to form magnified images of distant objects. Telescope is undoubtedly the most important investigative tool in astronomy. Galileo was the first person who used the telescope to study extraterrestrial bodies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). The exact history about the invention of telescope is still unknown and controversial. However, it is believed that the first practical telescope was invented in Netherlands in the 17 th century. Astronomy and astrophysics developed a lot after the discovery of telescope. Heliocentric Model The Heliocentric Model was originally discovered by Nicolas Copernicus in 1543. The model assumed the Sun lies at or near the central point while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Copernicus was able to prove that all the planets are revolving around the sun in fixed orbits. He assumed that in the solar system, sun remains as the nucleus and the planets are rotating around the sun. The centripetal force towards the nucleus exerted by the sun was keeping the planets in their orbits. This model was in opposition of Claudius Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model which asserted the Earth was the central point. Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model assumed that Earth was at the nucleus and all the other planets and sun were rotating around the earth. He assumed that we are seeing sun at the east in the morning and at the west in the evening because of the rotation of the sun around earth. With the development of the telescope, Galileo was able to question the above belief and confirmed that Copernicus’ Heliocentric Model was accurate. The discovery that the Earth was not the central point of the universe would prove to be epic and would go on enhance human understanding of nature. The model challenged the Protestant and Catholic positions as well as the geocentric view of the universe. The long-standing societal tradition was that the Holy Bible super ceded all in regard to human discovery. The discovery of the Heliocentric Model certainly challenged this tradition. After all, the word written by God himself was recorded in the Bible, how could God’s word be wrong? The question â€Å"is the Bible is wrong or not† is debatable. It is not necessarily that the Bible was wrong; it is certainly plausible that its contents may have been misinterpreted or taken out of context. Nevertheless, the discovery forced a resistant society to examine how the Bible was interpreted and it also challenged previous assumptions made about the universe up to that point. Earlier, people believed that earth is stationary whereas sun is rotating. However after the discovery of telescope, Galileo assumed that sun remains stationary whereas earth is rotating. In Bible, there is a contradictory s tatement against the above belief. The Israeli leader Joshua once asked the sun to remain stationary in order to defeat the Palestine in an ongoing war. Bible says that because of Joshua’s prayer, the sun remained stationary for 24 hours in order to help Joshua in defeating the Palestine. After Galileo discovered the telescope, the above words of Bible were

Economics Paper Essay Example for Free

Economics Paper Essay The term Monetary Policy refers to what the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the National Central Bank does to influence the amount of money and the credit of the U.S. Economy. What happens to money and credit affects the interest rate and the performance of our economy. The definition of the Monetary Policy is the regulation of the money supply and interest rates by the central bank and the Federal Reserve Board, in order to control inflation and stabilize the currency. The Monetary Policy is one way the government can impact the economy. The goals of the Monetary Policy is to maximize employment, stabilize prices and moderate interest rates. The Monetary Policy is the management of expectations of the economy, supporting the long-term economic growth and employment. The Monetary Policy is the relationship of interest rates and the economy, the price at which money can be borrowed and the total supply of money. The Monetary Policy began in the 19th century to maintain the gold standard. Today the monetary authority has the ability to alter the money supply. The most powerful person (after the president) in the United States is the chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The person that controls the money, controls the world. There are three instruments (tools) the Federal Reserve uses to implement the Monetary policy, open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. In the open market operations the securities dealer compete on the basis of price to do business with the Fed. This tool consist of Federal Reserve purchases and sales of financial instruments (securities) from the U.S. Treasury, Financial agencies or other government sponsored enterprises. Trading securities the Fed influences the amount of bank reserve, that affect the federal fund rate, and the overnight lending rate that banks barrow reserves from each other. Open market operations are flexible and the most frequently used in the Monetary Policy. The federal fund rate is highly sensitive to changes in the demand for the supply of reserves in the banking system. The discount rate is the interest rate charged by the Federal Reserve Banks to the depository banks on the short-term loans. Lastly, is the Reserve Requirements, the portion of the deposit amounts the bank must keep to cover amenities. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is the group that formulates the nations monetary policy. The chairman of FOMC is, none other than, the chairmen of the Board of Governors. The voting members of FOMC consist of seven members of the Board of Governors (BOG), the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four other president of Reserve Banks. These members serve in one year rotating basis, and all Reserve Bank presidents participate in FOMC policy discussions. FOMC meets eight times a year to discuss the U.S. Economy and the monetary policy options. After FOMC meetings the committee issues statements that include the federal fund rate target. To implement the policys actions the Committee issues a directive to the NY Feds Domestic Trading Desk, that guides the implementation of the Committees policy through the open market operations. The open market operations are conducted on a daily basis to prevent technical forces that can effect federal fund rates from the target rates. Monetary and fiscal policy are different animals, but animals the same. A Monetary Policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, by targeting interest rates for the purpose of economic growth and stability.

Plan for Employees in Small Business

Plan for Employees in Small Business Dairy store Introduction Our business is small business type in the New Zealand most of the business is small type and our business name is Kumars dairy. In the dairy store we can buy the so many different products in the one roof. As small operators, they cannot offer bulk discounts as compare to supermarket. To run this business they hire the staff. As I owner in this company I have to hire manager, customer service, check out service, accounting and other staff. Location- I open my Kumars diary shop near the summit drive, Mt Albert because in this place there is no any dairy store in this location and we can attract so many people. Service and product- In our Kumars dairy we can provide different product like milk, eggs, dairy products, perishables, newspapers, lotto and so on. We can also give the customer service as well as top up mobile and At hop card. Reason for this business- I open this business because in this store we can buy the anything in the one roof. To help this business we can make new friends and also make more money. I agree in this era so many people prefer super market I know but when they forget to buy something from supermarket then they prefer dairy store rather then again visit to the super market. In this small business we can easily make more money. Capability- As I manage this dairy store I have ability to choose the staff which person we need this company and which place. I also manager the all staff. I also trained the staff under my supervision. I also know about the new technology and how to use this technology. Setup the business- To open this business firstly I need to calculate the budget to open the dairy store, if I have dont sufficient fund to open my store then I go to the bank and apply the business loan to build our new business as well as I also find the place for lease and suppliers. Opening-closing (timing) Days Mon Tues Wed Thus Fri Sat Sun Opening and closing 7:00 AM- 9:00 PM 7:00 AM- 9:00PM 7:00 AM- 9:00 PM 7:00 AM- 9:00 PM 7:00 AM- 9:00 PM 7:00 AM- 9:00 PM 10:00 AM- 5:00 PM Working hour of employees Fulltime and part-time worker Part time- 20 hour Full time 40 hour Casual worker-12 hour Roster (timing) Staff Mon Tues Wed Thus Fri Sat Sun owner 9 toÂÂ   9 9 to 9 9 to 9 9 to 9 9 to 9 9 to 9 Manager 7 to 7 7 to 7 8 to 9 7 to 9 7 to 9 10 to 5 Labour (full time) 7 to 9 7 to 9 7 to 9 7 to 9 7 to 9 7 to 9 Labour (Part time) 7 to 9 10 to 5 Responsibility and Accountability Staff Responsibility Accountability Owner(kartikey) Give the pay in time Dont dominate other staff members Manager(Hootz) Manager responsibilities are mange the roaster and supervise the entire staff member. Manager Accountabilities do not dominate other workers and always provide the good customer service. Fulltime(Amrit) Mange the checkout service and other work Give the customer service Part-time(lovish) Fill the all stuff Be in time Holidays and leave wages Holidays are: New Years Day January, Sunday 1st (observed Tuesday 3rd) Day after New Years Day January, Monday 2nd Wellington Anniversary January, Monday 23rd Auckland Anniversary January, Monday 30th Nelson Anniversary January, Monday 30th Waitangi Day February, Monday 6th Taranaki Anniversary March, Monday 13th Otago Anniversary March, Monday 20th Daylight Saving ends April, Sunday 2nd Good Friday April, Friday 14th Easter Monday April, Monday 17th Easter Tuesday April, Tuesday 18th Southland Anniversary April, Tuesday 18th ANZAC Day April, Tuesday 25th Queens Birthday June, Monday 5th Daylight Saving starts September, Sunday 24th South Canterbury Anniversary September, Monday 25th Hawkes Bay Anniversary October, Friday 20th Labour Day October, Monday 23rd Marlborough Anniversary October, Monday 30th Canterbury Anniversary November, Friday 17th Chatham Islands Anniversary November, Monday 27th Westland Anniversary December, Monday 4th Christmas Day December, Monday 25th Boxing Day December, Tuesday 26th (holiday) Hours and wages Type of minimum wage Per hour 8 hour day 40 hour week 80 hour fortnight Adult $15.25 $122.00 $610.00 $1,220.00 Starting-out $12.20 $97.60 $488.00 $976.00 Training $12.20 $97.60 $488.00 $976.00 (wages ) Leaves and Equal Wages Rise to pay for equivalent work is the idea of work rights that people in a similar work environment be given equivalent pay. It is most regularly utilized as a part of the setting of sexual separation, in connection to the sex pay crevice. Level with pay identifies with the full scope of installments and advantages, including essential pay, non-pay installments, rewards and remittances. A few nations have moved quicker than others in tending to the issue. Since President John F. Kennedy marked the Equal Pay Act of 1963, it has been unlawful in the United States to pay men and ladies working in a similar place diverse pay rates for comparable work. Â   Â   Health and safetyÂÂ   Equal Employment Opportunities Gender equality In this statement company cannot discrimination toward the staff members because in this type of business all staff members are same. In the New Zealand business nobody discriminated in the level of wages because they have right gender equality. Collective agreement Collective employment agreements are agreements between employers and registered unions that cover employees in the employers workplace. Collective employment agreements must: Be in composing Be marked by businesses and unions that are gatherings to the understanding Have a scope condition expressing the work that the understanding spreads Incorporate a plain dialect clarification of how to deal with any business relationship issues, including the 90-day time frame For bringing an individual grievance Incorporate a statement expressing how the understanding can be changed Incorporate an expiry date or express an occasion that will mean the assertion lapses Incorporate an arrangement that follows the Holidays Act 2003 necessity for workers to be paid in any event time and a half For work on open occasions Much of the time, incorporate an arrangement expressing how workers will be secured if the business is sold, exchanged or contracted out. (collective) Individual agreement Every representative must have a composed work assention. The assention can be either an individual understanding or an aggregate assention. An singular business understanding doesnt need to be marked by the business and worker yet it ought to be. There are a few things that must be in your work assention and different things that are ordinarily in business understandings however dont need to be, for example, your notice period. Minimum rights, (for example, the lowest pay permitted by law and yearly occasions) are legitimate prerequisites and apply regardless of the possibility that theyre not in the business understanding. Your business assention cant decrease these or exchange them off for different things. Employers are required to keep a duplicate of the work assention. The business must keep a proposed assention regardless of the possibility that the representative hasnt marked it. Workers are qualified for a duplicate of their concurrence on demand. The sort of business understanding a worker is on may rely on upon regardless of whether they are a union part. It is the representatives decision whether they join a union, and a business cant undo impact their decision. On the off chance that a worker joins a union, they will be secured by the important aggregate assention, if there is on. (https://employment.govt.nz) Employment disputes Indeed, even the best-run business must be set up to manage work question. A representative may have a conflict with a manager, question an execution assessment or trust that organization arrangements are as a rule unjustifiably upheld. While a few nations have work courts to determine such debate, in the United States, bosses must discover approaches to determine these issues outside the courts. Effectively arranging a work debate brings about all sides feeling they have been tuned in to and judged reasonably. Negotiation Transaction is by all accounts the favoured basic leadership system when representatives are looking for independently custom fitted arrangements, for example, changes in accordance with travel and work routines. Mediation With the help of Mediation, both sides in a question take a seat with an outsider facilitator to examine the circumstance and attempt to achieve an answer. The facilitator, or middle person, has no interest in the result of the issue, and stays unbiased is called Mediation. Adjudication Adjudication is a legal term that refers to the process of hearing and settling a case. It usually represents the final judgment or pronouncement in a case that determines the required course of action in reference to the issue presented. Adjudication can also refer to the process of validating an insurance claim as well as a decree in the bankruptcy process between the defendant and the creditors. (www.investopedia.com)Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook ALLOCATION AND EVALUATION OF WORK Evaluation are generally done on more than one occasion a year, however you might need to plan a registration with new workers prior, to ensure theyre settling in well. Setting up an evaluation You should to: give your representative time to get ready by booking the meeting no less than two or three weeks ahead of time book a private meeting place where you wont be hindered request that your representative get ready reactions to inquiries like: how well they believe theyre doing in their employment which parts of their employment theyre doing admirably and where they think they could progress regardless of whether they require any gear or preparing to help in their part how they feel about their occupation and the organization what they would change on the off chance that they could? do your own readiness survey: your representatives set of working responsibilities your notes from past audits execution pointers (deals or generation figures, letters from fulfilled clients, or different measurements). get criticism from different workers, partners or key clients set up your representative for extreme inquiries in the event that theyre not performing, caution them that youll have to talk about why certain objectives or targets werent met and welcome them to go to the meeting with conceivable arrangements. (www.business.govt.nz) Responsibilities of Manager The manager responsibilities in the business are very important because without manager business cannot be run. Manager is the root of organization. He set the all roaster and manage the all staff member as well as he give the order to all the staff what you do or not today work. ÂÂ   (http://thebizmanagementguide.com/responsibilities-of-a-manager-in-business-management/) Responsibilities of Employees Employees responsibilities are be on time, good customer service last but not a least he should be prepare know about the first aid box. Always good behaviour with customers and staff fellows. (http://www.libertyshoes.com/aboutus/social-responsibility) Job description of dairy (careercoverletter)

Bad Day Dawning :: essays research papers

That we can learn a lot about a man from the books and films he chooses is borne out by Timothy McVeigh. One of his favorite films: the 1984 Patrick Swayze epic Red Dawn. It follows a group of small town teens' conversion to guerilla fighters when a foreign army invades America. Like McVeigh, the teens stock up on survival gear - mainly guns and ammo - in order to defend their country from annihilation. And one of McVeigh's favorite books: The Turner Diaries written by former American Nazi Party honcho William L. Pierce, under the pen name Andrew Macdonald. Its hero - Earl Turner - responds to gun control by making a truck bomb and blowing up the Washington FBI Building. Two scenarios - all too familiar. It was April 19, 1995 - a perfect, sun-drenched Oklahoma morning in springtime. Against a perfect blue-sky background, a yellow Ryder Rental truck carefully made its way through the streets of downtown Oklahoma City. Just after 9 am, the vehicle pulled into a parking area outside the Alfred P. Murrah Building and the driver stepped down from the truck's cab and casually walked away. A few minutes later, at 9:02, all hell broke loose as the truck's deadly 4000-pound cargo blasted the government building with enough force to shatter one third of the seven-story structure to bits. Glass, concrete, and steel rained down. Indiscriminately mixed in the smoldering rubble were adults and children alive and dead. The perpetrator, twenty-seven-year-old Timothy James McVeigh, by now safely away from the devastation was convinced he acted to defend the Constitution, for he saw himself as crusader, warrior avenger and hero. But in reality, he was little more than a misguided coward. He never even heard clearly the sound of the initial sirens of emergency vehicles rushing to the scene. Because, blocks away, he was wearing earplugs to protect himself from the roar of a blast so powerful it lifted pedestrians off the ground. One Japanese tourist no stranger to powerful earthquakes called the blast "worse than the worst quake. Because there was no initial warning, no noise to say 'something terrible is going to happen'; it just hit." When it did, a massive ball of fire momentarily outshone the sun and the north side of the building disintegrated. Traffic signs and parking meters were ripped from the pavement. Glass shattered and flew like bullets, targeting and maiming pedestrians blocks away. Inside the broken building, survival depended on location at zero hour.